Popular Culture and Ideas, Technology

End of an era for gadget and gizmo DIYers as RadioShack to file for bankruptcy

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I still remember trying to build my first crystal radio set as a kid. Or should I say more truthfully watching my dad build it for the most part. A crystal radio set is a simple radio receiver, popular in the early days of radio. It needs no other power source but that received solely from the power of radio waves received by a wire antenna.  All you need are a few a few inexpensive parts, such as a coil of copper wire for adjustment, a capacitor, a crystal detector, and earphones. Crystal radio sets are are distinct from ordinary radios as they are passive receivers, while other radios use a separate source of electric power such as Alternating Current (AC) wall power electricity or Direct Current (DC) battery power to name a couple.

Crystal radios can be designed to receive almost any radio frequency band, but most receive the amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast band, although some receive the 49-meter international shortwave band.

It wasn’t so much that as a kid I was what would today be known as a member of the “maker community” or DIYer (Do it yourselfer) or tinkerer (a word we did have back in the 1960s and 1970s). No, it was more my Uncle Ab (Abner Barker), my dad’s older brother, who was an electrician and lived in St. Catharines, Ontario when I was growing up in Oshawa. Uncle Ab didn’t visit often but when he did arrive for a few days now and then, he’d do things like bring me a radio or my first-copy of Popular Electronics magazine, a publication for electronics hobbyists and experimenters published from October 1954 until December 1999. Uncle Ab was such an enthusiast himself he seemed willing to overlook that even when interested his nephew had … err … a very limited aptitude for mathematics, physics or any other applied science that might have proved useful for an electronics hobbyist to possess.

Some may also recall Heathkit, the brand name of electronic test equipment, high fidelity home audio equipment, television receivers, amateur radio equipment, robots, electronic ignition conversion modules for early model cars with point style ignitions and other kits and electronic products produced and marketed for assembly by the purchaser by the Heath Company of Chicago from 1947 until 1992.

Edward Bayard Heath, an early monoplane pilot and aircraft engineer, had founded the company in 1926, after purchasing the Chicago based Bates Aeroplane in 1912, and then going on to found the E.B. Heath Aerial Vehicle Co., which later becoming the Heath Airplane Company.

I hadn’t thought about building crystal radio sets for years. Or Heathkit. Just like I hadn’t thought about RadioShack for years. Not until I stumbled upon a  Feb. 2 news story yesterday from Bloomberg Business that  RadioShack, founded in 1921  as a mail-order retailer for amateur ham-radio operators and maritime communications officers on Brattle Street in Boston by two London-born brothers, Theodore and Milton Deutschmann, who named the company after the compartment that housed the wireless equipment for ham radios, is about to declare bankruptcy. Circuit City bought the stores formerly known as RadioShack in Canada in 2004, re-branding them as The Source by Circuit City. In 2009, Circuit City’s U.S. parent company filed for bankruptcy protection and BCE Inc. bought the stores, re branding them once again as The Source. There is a store here in Thompson, Manitoba in City Centre Mall.

Bloomberg Business reported that RadioShack has lost $936 million since the fourth quarter of 2011, the last time it was in the black, and its shares have lost 99.6 percent of their value since peaking 15 years ago. On Feb. 2, the New York Stock Exchange said it had suspended trading on the stock and started the process of delisting it.

RadioShack has been based in Fort Worth, Texas since 1963 when Charles Tandy, who ran a successful nice market chain of leather stores, acquired the struggling-then chain of what was nine RadioShack retail stores in Boston and area, for about $300,000 as a favour to its major creditor, First National Bank of Boston.

From the early 1960s until the early 1990s, RadioShack, with its own private brand manufactured accessories, batteries, transistors and capacitors, had plenty of success going after customers “looking to save money by buying cheaper goods and improving them through modifications and accessorizing,” writes Joshua Brustein, referencing Irvin Farman’s 1993 book, Tandy’s Money Machine: How Charles Tandy Built RadioShack Into the World’s Largest Electronics Chain, in his Feb. 2 Bloomberg Business story, “Inside RadioShack’s Slow-Motion Collapse.” The target audience was people who needed one small piece of equipment every week.”

And then in November 1977, in its boldest move, Tandy had RadioShack launch the TRS-80, one of the first mass-market personal computers with about 16K of memory and a 12-inch-square monitor with one shade of gray characters and no graphics, using software designed by a still obscure start-up named Microsoft, founded 2½ years earlier in April 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

Why bold? There was no known market for personal computers in 1977. With a $600 price tag it was going to be the most expensive product RadioShack had ever sold. Tandy mused about the initial order of 1,000 TRS-80 units that his RadioShack stores could always use them for inventory management if customers weren’t interested in buying them. However, in its early years, the TRS-80 was more popular than Apple’s computers.

Early last year, Steve Cichon, a writer for the website Trending Buffalo, sifted through the back page of the front section of the Saturday, Feb. 16, 1991 Buffalo News with a RadioShack ad for items such as  voice recorders, GPS devices, answering machines and camcorders that RadioShack was selling 24 years ago. Cichon found that his iPhone had cancelled out any need for 13 of the 15 products then being sold by RadioShack, which had a combined listed advertised price of $3,054.82 in 1991. That amount is roughly equivalent to about $5,100 in 2012 dollars,” Cichon wrote in his Jan. 14, 2014 post, adding, “The only two items on the page that my phone really can’t replace: Tiny Dual-Superhet Radar Detector, $79.95. But when is the last time you heard the term ‘fuzzbuster’ anyway?” and the “3-Way speaker with massive 15″ Woofer, $149.95.”

Near the end, RadioShack was showing signs it was becoming self-aware of its stuck-in-the-past image problem, witness this 1:12 YouTube video from an ad they did for the 2014 Super Bowl, which is pretty  priceless, if too little too late. Clerk number one answers the phone and says to clerk number two: “The 80’s called. They want their store back,” featuring the spot-on perfect music of Canadian rockers Loverboy’s 1981 anthem Working for the Weekend blaring in the background. If you can honestly say you danced on the roof of one of your Loyalist College print journalism classmate’s orange Toyota Corolla at Lake on the Mountain, just outside Picton, Ontario, to the tune in 1981 and she still remembered the incident with some fondness, if continuing disbelief, almost 30 years later, it probably helps. You can catch the RadioShack 2014 Super Bowl ad on YouTube here at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpkixVDFpcI

You can also follow me on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/jwbarker22

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Science

Not so fast: Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) experiment

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The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) experiment is designed to test the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations. The experiment, launched in 2006, studies the rare oscillation of muon neutrinos into tau neutrinos. The first occurrence was observed in 2010. In that experiment, a high-intensity, high-energy beam line of muon neutrinos was produced at CERN, the Geneva-based Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire underground Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), a circular accelerator, which is six kilometres in circumference and sitting on the Franco-Swiss border and pointed towards Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), also an underground laboratory, 730 kilometres away to the east in L’Aquila in central Italy. Travel time from Geneva to Gran Sasso for a neutrino beam? About three milliseconds.

We say “about” because OPERA, based on the observation of over 15,000 neutrino events measured, using advanced GPS systems and atomic clocks at Gran Sasso.

In September 2011, CERN scientists said it appears that neutrinos travel at a velocity 20 parts per million above the speed of light in vacuum, “nature’s cosmic speed limit” of the speed of light in vacuum, a physical constant value of 299,792,458 metres per second, a figure that is exact since the length of the metre is defined from this constant and the international standard for time, or approximately 186,282 miles per second. Expressed another way, the neutrinos appeared to have arrived 60 nanoseconds sooner than they would have if they had been traveling at the speed of light.

Not so fast.

In February and March 2012, OPERA researchers said they were mistaken, blaming the result they reported six months later on a loose fibre optic cable connecting a GPS receiver to an electronic card in a computer. On March 16, 2012, another report announced that an independent experiment in the same laboratory, also using the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) neutrino beam used in 2011,  but this time the Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signals (ICARUS) detector, found no discernible difference between the speed of a neutrino and the speed of light.

In April 2012, OPERA spokesperson Antonio Ereditato and experimental coordinator Dario Autiero resigned. The following month, the Gran Sasso OPERA experiment measured neutrino velocity with a short-pulsed beam, and obtained agreement with the speed of light, showing also that the original OPERA result was mistaken. In July 2012, the OPERA collaboration updated their results. After the instrumental effects mentioned above were taken into account, it was shown that the speed of neutrinos is consistent with the speed of light, confirmed by a new, improved set of measurements in May 2013.

Too bad, in a way. Think about it. If the OPERA results from September 2011 had indeed been replicated it would have junked the one law of physics – E=mc2 (E standing for units of energy; m for units of mass and c2 the speed of light squared) – that even journalists can express, if not comprehend fully; namely Albert Einstein’s 1905 special theory of relativity, which he formulated while working as clerk in the Swiss Patent Office in Bern in 1905. According to special relativity, the speed of light is the maximum speed at which all energy, matter, and information in the universe can travel. Or so it appeared until Sept. 23, 2011.

“Given the potential far-reaching consequences of such a result, independent measurements are needed before the effect can either be refuted or firmly established, the CERN noted in a Sept 23, 2011 press release. “The OPERA measurement is at odds with well-established laws of nature, though science frequently progresses by overthrowing the established paradigms.” Not this time, however.

CERN research director Sergio Bertolucci added, “When an experiment finds an apparently unbelievable result and can find no artefact of the measurement to account for it, it’s normal procedure to invite broader scrutiny, and this is exactly what the OPERA collaboration is doing, it’s good scientific practice. If this measurement is confirmed, it might change our view of physics, but we need to be sure that there are no other, more mundane, explanations. The potential impact on science is too large to draw immediate conclusions….”

Might change our view of physics? I’ll say. Just for starters, time travel would be perhaps more than just theoretically possible, although there is still the problem known as time-travel paradox. Namely, if someone travels back in time and does something to prevent their existence, then how can time travel be possible? The classic example is the time traveler who kills their grandfather before their own father is conceived. Some scientists, however, suggest that there is not one universe but many – enough so that every possible outcome of any event actually takes place.

In this multiple universe, or multiverse model, someone who went back in time to murder a grandparent can get way with it – moral dimension aside, of course – because in the universe next door the grandparents lives and their progeny continues.

You can also follow me on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/jwbarker22

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