Compassion, Empathy

Empathy and compassion are the gifts of our shared human experience

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A stranger smiled at me as we came around a corner and met at the end of an aisle in Wal-Mart yesterday at City Centre Mall. I smiled back. As I carried on just a few steps beyond, I heard him say, “Excuse me, can you help me?” I turned back thinking that maybe in spite of my cart, he thought I was an employee and he was looking for help finding merchandise. He wasn’t. He was simply a man hoping I could spare him some change. I did. Whatever change I had in my pocket became his. “Merry New Year,” he said, which made me smile again, thinking how he had blended the Christmas and New Year’s greetings. The whole encounter took less than a minute. But it left me thinking. What kind of world would we live in if our default position was always (or even usually) to simply do the right thing? Ask if we need, give if we can without mentally applying some means or character test to instantly determine for ourselves  the worthiness of the recipient. Not to give out of guilt. Not to give, but give begrudgingly because we all know we have to mind our nickels and dimes. But just do what we know is intuitively the right thing to do. I certainly don’t pretend I do this all the time. I don’t. And I know if the same man had approached me not in the store, but perhaps aggressively panhandled me in the parking lot just outside the doors of Wal-Mart, quite likely even intoxicated, I’d have been far less likely to give him anything. I know that’s true because I’ve done it.

The thing is this. On a macro scale, I have penned many editorials and columns over the years where I quoted U.S. Civil War Republican president Abraham Lincoln famously saying, “It is a sin to remain silent when it is your duty to protest.” Or a century later, Martin Luther King: “From every mountainside, let freedom ring.” And also another former U.S. president, a Democrat, Bill Clinton, in his first inaugural address in 1993: “By the words we speak and the faces we show the world, we force the spring … now, we must do the work the season demands. In serving, we recognize a simple but powerful truth – we need each other. And we must care for one another … but for fate, we – the fortunate and the unfortunate – might have been each other.”  Or even, “Hell no, we won’t go” Massachusetts Institute of Technology  (MIT) emeritus profess of linguistics Noam Chomsky’s famous Vietnam War era dedication in his first book in 1967, American Power and the New Mandarins: “To the brave young men who refused to serve in a criminal war.”

Writing in 1978 in his book, Robert Kennedy and His Times, the American historian, Arthur M. Schlesinger, commenting in the foreword, just a decade after the New York senator’s assassination in Los Angeles, said Kennedy “possessed to an exceptional degree what T. S. Eliot called an ‘experiencing nature.’ History changed him, and, had time permitted, he might have changed history. His relationship to his age makes him, I believe, a ‘representative man’ in Emerson’s phrase – one who embodies the consciousness of an epoch, who perceives things in fresh lights and new connections, who exhibits unsuspected possibilities of purpose and action to his contemporaries.”

The thing is this also. On a micro scale in day-to-life, those very large ideals of the likes of Kennedy, Chomsky, Clinton and Lincoln for most of us can be best lived when we feel real empathy and compassion for someone who is no longer the “other.” It’s something a man like Jean Vanier, son of Canadian governor general Georges Vanier, has spent his life living.

Take AIDS for instance.

The AIDS epidemic officially began on June 5, 1981, when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report newsletter reported unusual clusters of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) caused by a form of Pneumocystis carinii in five homosexual men in Los Angeles.

I wrote about AIDS some in the 1980s. And I remember the climate of fear in 1986 that reporters were not untouched by when we were assigned stories that meant going inside provincial reformatories and federal penitentiaries to interview HIV-positive prisoners in Ontario. The high callings of journalism are to speak truth to power, as well as comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable. But exactly how AIDS was transmitted in terms of morbidity and mortality was not completely understood 30 years ago. So I watched with surprise and unexpected admiration as C. Everett Koop, an evangelical Christian, who served as surgeon general under U.S. Republican president Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1989, and was well known for wearing his uniform as a vice admiral of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, had the singular political courage to speak the truth about the science of AIDS as our knowledge increased. According to the Washington Post, “Koop was the only surgeon general to become a household name.”

I also read San Francisco Chronicle reporter Randy Shilt’s landmark book on the early years of the AIDS epidemic, And the Band Played On, published in 1987. Three years later in 1990, Campbell Scott, son of the legendary actor George C. Scott, a 28-year-old actor at the time, playing the character “Willy” in the movie Longtime Companion, captured the poignancy of those days in the early 1980s when he observed in the movie’s final scene, “it seems inconceivable, doesn’t it, that there was ever a time before this, when we didn’t wake up every day wondering whose sick now, who else is gone?” as Cecil County, Maryland bluegrass singer Zane Campbell’s haunting Post-Mortem Bar is heard in the background. If you read the comments from viewers on a YouTube clip linked to here you get some idea of the power of the ending and how some 25 years on it resonates with people still as the moment that AIDS was brought home for them and was no longer just a problem for some queers in San Francisco. You can listen to it and watch it on YouTube here at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dukIb4UU094

By the time Jonathan Demme, Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington and Bruce Springsteen brought Philadelphia to the screen in 1993, with Hanks’ haunting performance as AIDS-infected lawyer Andrew Beckett, which netted him the Academy Award for Best Actor, along with Springsteen, whose song Streets of Philadelphia won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, AIDS was no longer an abstraction to many of us. We knew people who had Hepatitis C. We knew people who were HIV positive or had full-blown AIDS.

And that’s when empathy and compassion arrive. At the same time Philadelphia was being released in December 1993, I remember the main Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) outlet on Sherbrooke Street in Peterborough letting the Peterborough AIDS Resource Network (PARN) collect donations alongside the Salvation Army bell ringers with their kettles that Christmas of 1993. While I was a graduate student at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario at the time, I remember being back in Peterborough one December Saturday morning before Christmas and working the PARN donation time slot with a friend who was a member of PARN.

Changes come.

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Astronomy, Planetary Science

Looking for a last-minute Christmas present for that hard-to-buy-for Catholic loved one? How about Would You Baptize an Extraterrestrial? and Other Questions from the Astronomers’ In-box at the Vatican Observatory by Vatican astronomers Guy Consolmagno and Paul Mueller

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In his morning homily last May 12 at Casa Santa Marta, Pope Francis told his mostly clerical audience that they should keep an open mind to anyone or anything – seeking God. “If – for example – tomorrow an expedition of Martians came, and some of them came to us, here … Martians, right? Green, with that long nose and big ears, just like children paint them … And one says, ‘But I want to be baptized!’ What would happen?” he asked parishioners. “When the Lord shows us the way, who are we to say, ‘No, Lord, it is not prudent! No, let’s do it this way….’”

Truth be told, while Pope Francis may have expressed it a bit unexpectedly and a bit more casually in the vernacular than usual, there is a history to this line of thought in the Vatican, especially among the religious who are astronomers at the world-renowned Vatican Observatory. Surprised? Of course, you’re not. Not if you’re Catholic, anyway. Everyone else? Yeah, well that’s a different solar system you non-Catholics are in, I daresay, when it comes to the thinking from the best scientific minds in Rome. And Pope Francis. Protestants come home!

In 2008, Father José Gabriel Funes, the director of the Vatican Observatory, one of the oldest astronomical research institutions in the world, wrote in L’Osservatore Romano that “believing in the possible existence of extraterrestrial life is not opposed to Catholic doctrine” in an article entitled “The Alien is my Brother.”

He said that since astronomers even Catholic ones – believe that the universe is made up of 100 billion galaxies, so it is not reasonable to discount that some could have planets. “How could it not be left out that life developed elsewhere?” he asked? “As a multiplicity of creatures exist on earth, so there could be other beings, also intelligent, created by God. This does not contrast with our faith because we cannot put limits on the creative freedom of God. [According to] Saint Francis, if we consider earthly creatures as ‘brother’ and ‘sister,’ why cannot we also speak of an ‘extraterrestrial brother’? It would therefore be a part of creation.”

Two years later in 2010, fellow Vatican Observatory research astronomer and planetary scientist Jesuit Brother Guy Consolmagno wrote a pamphlet, Intelligent Life in the Universe? Catholic belief and the search for extraterrestrial intelligent life, originally published by the Catholic Truth Society in London. In it, he explored a number of questions, including whether aliens exist, and if they do and have souls, could they be baptized?

“The limitless universe might even include other planets with other beings created by that same loving God,” Consolmagno wrote. “The idea of there being other races and other intelligences is not contrary to traditional Christian thought. There is nothing in Holy Scripture that could confirm or contradict the possibility of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.”

Fast-forward four years. Consolmagno, the co-ordinator for public relations at the Vatican Observatory, located on the grounds of the pope’s  summer residence at Castel Gandolfo in Italy, less than 24 kilometres southeast of Rome, is back with another book, Would You Baptize an Extraterrestrial?’  and Other Questions from the Astronomers’ In-box at the Vatican Observatory, co-authored with Father Paul Mueller, a fellow astronomer at the Vatican Observatory, who is a philosopher of science and serves as superior of the Jesuit community at Castel Gandolfo.  Its dependent research centre, the Vatican Observatory Research Group, is hosted by Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona in Tucson and operates the 1.8m Alice P. Lennon Telescope with its Thomas J. Bannan Astrophysics Facility, known together as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT),  located at the Mount Graham International Observatory (MGIO) in southeastern Arizona.

A graduate of St. Xavier Jesuit High School in Cincinnati, Mueller holds a B.S. in physics from Boston University and an M.A. in philosophy from Loyola University of Chicago. He also holds M.Div and S.T.M. degrees in theology from the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley and a PhD in the philosophy of science from the University of Chicago.

In his PhD dissertation, Mueller provided a translation and commentary on Marin Mersenne’s Questions Théologiques, Physiques, Morales et Mathématiques (1634), and explored how practices and concepts of early modern science were informed and influenced by practices and concepts from biblical textual criticism.

Consolmagno is from Detroit and a graduate of Beverly Hills’ Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Catholic elementary school and University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy. He obtained his Bachelor of Science undergraduate in 1974 and the following year his Master of Science graduate degree in Earth and Planetary Sciences, both from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Consolmagno recevied his PhD in Planetary Science from the University of Arizona in 1978. From 1978-80, he was a postdoctoral fellow and lecturer at the Harvard College Observatory, and from 1980-1983 continued as a postdoctorial fellow and lecturer at MIT.

In 1983 he left MIT to join the United States Peace Corps, where he served for two years in Kenya teaching physics and astronomy. On his return to the United States in 1985, he became an assistant professor of physics at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, where he taught until his entry into the Jesuit order in 1989.

He took vows as a Jesuit brother in 1991, and studied philosophy and theology at Loyola University Chicago, and physics at the University of Chicago before his assignment to the Vatican Observatory in 1993.

Consolmagno is also the curator of the Vatican meteorite collection in Castel Gandolfo, one of the largest in the world, and the new president of the Vatican Observatory Foundation in Tuscon.  His research explores the connections between meteorites and asteroids, and the origin and evolution of small bodies in the solar system. In 1996, he spent six weeks collecting meteorites with a team on the blue ice of Antarctica.  In 2000 he was honored by the IAU for his contributions to the study of meteorites and asteroids with the naming of asteroid 4597 Consolmagno.

An avid reader of science fiction,  Consolmagno earlier this year received the Carl Sagan Award from the Division of Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society, the first clerygyman to ever win the award, for his popular writing and speaking as a planetary scientist communicating to the general public.

Consolmagno says he has no doubt that life exists elsewhere in the universe, and when we finally do discover it, the news will come as no big surprise.

“The general public is going to be, ‘Oh, I knew that. I knew it was going to be there,’”  Consolmagno told Catholic News Service (CNS) prior to a presentation at a NASA and Library of Congress symposium on preparing for the discovery of life in the universe last Sept. 19.

You can watch a 1min25sec brief Catholic News Service (CNS) clip, “God and outer space” from  an interview with Consolmagno on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ARjTJZVw_o#t=59

The Vatican Observatory Foundation’s first Faith and Astronomy Workshop for clergy, religious, and laypeople working in parish education, is set for Jan. 19-23 in Tucson.

You can also follow me on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/jwbarker22

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